Nephrology is the branch of medicine that deals with the kidneys—their function, diseases, and treatments. It focuses on keeping the kidneys healthy and managing problems when they stop working properly.

Key areas in nephrology:

• Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) – slow loss of kidney function over time
• Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) – sudden damage to the kidneys, often reversible
• Glomerulonephritis – inflammation of the kidney’s filtering units
• Kidney Stones
• Electrolyte and Acid-Base Imbalances – like sodium, potassium, or calcium disorders
• Dialysis – treatment for end-stage kidney failure (hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis)
• Kidney Transplantation – managing patients before and after transplant